WASHINGTON — Nancy Pelosi, the California Democrat who scaled the leadership ladder to become the first female speaker of the House, will not seek a 21st term next year, she announced in a video message Thursday.

“I want you, my fellow San Franciscans, to be the first to know: I will not be seeking re-election to Congress. With a grateful heart, I look forward to my final year of service as your proud representative,” Pelosi said in the video.

Pelosi’s decision puts an end date on a four-decadeslong electoral career that began when she won a 1987 House special election in her first run for public office.

But even before the 85-year-old Pelosi announced her retirement, two Democrats pressing for generational change within the party had filed to run for her 11th District seat, anchored in San Francisco. State Sen. Scott Wiener, who has advocated an overhaul to housing laws to spur new construction, entered the Democratic primary late last month, joining progressive Saikat Chakrabarti, a former chief of staff to Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y.

Politico reported last month that several other candidates are weighing a run, including Christine Pelosi, the former speaker’s daughter; San Francisco Supervisor Connie Chan; and Jane Kim, a former city supervisor and director of the left-wing California Working Families Party.

Pelosi’s fingerprints are on almost every major piece of legislation Democrats have championed this century, including the Affordable Care Act and tougher regulations in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. She also played a key role in the passage of President Joe Biden’s legislative priorities, including the bipartisan infrastructure bill.

“She’s the most consequential woman politician in U.S. history, in terms of her accomplishments,” said Eric Schickler, a political science professor at the University of California, Berkeley. “She was trusted by progressives, because they knew her values were progressive, but she also could understand the needs of the moderates and have their trust as well, and that allowed her to make deals.”

Blending a liberal policy agenda with hard-nosed political realism, Pelosi was a skilled negotiator and a master tactician who could whip votes, make deals and corral recalcitrant members of the caucus to win support for her agenda.

She played a pivotal role leading the Democrats against President Donald Trump during his first term. In one televised bit of drama, Pelosi, seated on the dais behind Trump, tore up her copy of his 2020 State of the Union address, moments after he delivered it to Congress.

Pelosi first joined House Democratic leadership in 2001, with her election as minority whip over Rep. Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland. The following year, she was elected minority leader, becoming the first woman to lead a party caucus. In 2007, she was elected the first female speaker after Democrats won control of Congress and went to serve in the role for four years. After Democrats flipped control of the House in 2018, Pelosi held the speaker’s gavel for another four-year stint.

After her speakership ended and she handed party leadership to Rep. Hakeem Jeffries of New York — her hand-picked successor — Pelosi remained one of Washington’s key power brokers.

From a perch behind the scenes, she wielded pressure on Biden to give up on his run for a second term following his disastrous debate performance against Trump last year.

And Pelosi’s retirement announcement came just days after notching what could become one of her last significant political wins: helping usher over the finish line a California ballot initiative to offset Republican-led redistricting efforts elsewhere.

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