Ammonia inhalants, a.k.a. smelling salts, are not banned by the NFL after all

Steve Henson, Los Angeles Times on Aug 7, 2025

Published in Football

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LOS ANGELES — When is AI not artificial intelligence? When it refers to ammonia inhalants, aka smelling salts.

When are these AIs in the news? When it was reported that the NFL banned their use, San Francisco 49ers star George Kittle protested, and the NFL walked back the ban a day later. The league's players association clarified that players can still use AIs as long as teams don't provide them.

Got it?

The NFLPA sent a memo to players on Wednesday saying that the ban only prohibits team employees from distributing AIs during games.

That must have pleased Kittle, who when under the impression that AIs were banned completely, grabbed a microphone on an NFL Network broadcast to say, "I honestly just came up here to air a grievance. Our team got a memo today that smelling salts and ammonia packets were made illegal in the NFL, and I've been distraught all day."

The five-time All-Pro tight end said he used the substances for an energy boost before every offensive drive and joked that upon learning of the ban he "considered retirement."

Except that it isn't a ban. Kittle will just have to bring his own AI stash to ballgames.

"To clarify, this policy does not prohibit player use of these substances, but rather it restricts clubs from providing or supplying them in any form," the NFLPA memo said. "The NFL has confirmed this to us."

The use of AIs by NFL players has been under the radar despite apparently being a common practice. Their primary use is to prevent and treat fainting, with the Federal Aviation Administration requiring U.S. airlines to carry them in the event a pilot feels faint.

The ammonia gas irritates the nasal membranes, causing a reflex that increases breathing and heart rate. That can keep a person from fainting, and apparently can also help a person block and tackle.

In short, an AI — which has been described as smelling like cat urine — is a performance-enhancing substance.

The NFL, however, cited a warning from the FDA that AIs can mask symptoms of a concussion and have not been proven to be safe or effective simply to increase energy.

"In 2024, the FDA issued a warning to companies that produce commercially available ammonia inhalants (AIs), as well as to consumers about the purchase and use of AIs, regarding the lack of evidence supporting the safety or efficacy of AIs marketed for improving mental alertness or boosting energy," the NFL memo to teams stated. "The FDA noted potential negative effects from AI use.

"AIs also have the potential to mask certain neurological signs and symptoms, including some potential signs of concussion. As a result, the NFL Head, Neck and Spine Committee recommended prohibiting the use of AIs for any purpose during play in the NFL."

Tampa Bay Buccaneers quarterback Baker Mayfield — who says he uses AIs — said the logic behind the NFL no longer supplying them is convoluted.

"I think the reasoning was that it masked concussion symptoms," Mayfield said on "Up and Adams." "But if you get knocked out, which is the whole purpose of smelling salts — to wake you up — you're not allowed back in the game.

"I think it was a quick trigger to ban them, just to kind of CYA [cover your ass]."

Maybe NFL officials figure that by no longer supplying AIs and forcing players to bring their own batch to games, their liability in case of concussions or other medical complications is reduced.

"You just got to bring your own juice to the party, got to wake up ready to go," Mayfield said.

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